Guala Bicchieri returned to Italy in 1219 after the final defeat of the English rebel barons and the Treaty of Lambeth. He was also instrumental in convincing Pope Honorius III to grant an indulgence to the dean and chapter of Old Salisbury Cathedral permitting them to leave Old Sarum and start building New Salisbury Cathedral. After the Treaty of Lambeth, he forced Louis to make a public and humiliating profession of penitence. Guala’s role is of interest to students of English history: he supported John Lackland and then became the protector of John’s minor successor, Henry III he punished English clerics who supported the French invader, Louis, and removed many of them from their positions. Guala was attacked in a long satirical poem by Gilles de Corbeil. Vincent (below) points out six areas in which Bicchieri made an impact upon England: establishing peace between the monarchy and rebels overseeing Episcopal elections supervising monastic houses punishing and replacing rebel clergy judicial activity, including the appointment of legatine judges delegate and implementing the legislation of the Fourth Lateran Council. As representing the pope, the suzerain of Henry, he claimed the regency and actually divided the chief power with William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke. Guala’s position as legate in England was especially influential since the Archbishop of Canterbury, Stephen Langton, was absent from the kingdom from September 1215 to May 1218, during which absence Guala Bicchieri, as papal legate, was practically in charge of the English church. His mission was to make peace between the English and the French the civil war and the threatened invasion by the French-in support of the rebellion-in order to depose John from the English throne, were threatening Innocent’s plan for a crusade.
Pope Innocent III named him legate to England in January 1216. By 1205 he had become a cardinal and had served as a papal legate in northern Italy before being appointed legate to France in 1208. He was trained for the law but entered the clergy he is first mentioned in 1187 as a canon in the cathedral of Vercelli. Guala Bicchieri was from a prominent family in Vercelli in northern Italy, in what is now the Italian region of Piedmont his father, Manfredo de Bicheriis, was a consul of the city. He was instrumental in the reissuing of Magna Carta. As the Pope’s nuncio, Guala Bicchieri played an important role in stabilizing the English church in the aftermath of this civil war now known as the First Barons’ War. Bicchieri was a supporter of King John in the struggle against the barons and their candidate for the English crown, Louis of France. Guala Bicchieri arrived in England in the midst of the baronial rebellion, when rebel barons were attempting to force John from the throne and when the suspension and exile of archbishop Stephen Langton had left the English church without a leader. He was the papal legate in England from 1216 to 1218, and took a prominent role in the politics of England during King John’s last years and Henry III’s early minority.
1150 – 1227) was an Italian diplomat, papal official and cardinal.
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